![]() The geographic distribution for each of major haplogroups was examined. We re-evaluated the global mtDNA profiles of chickens. Rare haplogroups H–I and W–Z were specific to domestic chickens and red junglefowl, respectively. Common haplogroups A–G were shared by domestic chickens and red junglefowl. A fine-gained mtDNA phylogeny was investigated by defining haplogroups A–I and W–Z. ![]() ![]() To obtain the highest possible level of molecular resolution, 50 representative samples were further selected for total mtDNA genome sequencing. To survey its genetic diversity and trace the history of domestication, we investigated a total of 4938 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments including 2843 previously published and 2095 de novo units from 2044 domestic chickens and 51 red junglefowl ( Gallus gallus). Domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus) fulfill various roles ranging from food and entertainment to religion and ornamentation.
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